Modification of Calcium Oxide Catalyst Derived from Chicken Eggshell Waste with Magnesium Oxide to Enhance Biodiesel Synthesis from Crude Palm Oil

Fikriyah Hamidah; Dewi Anggraini Septaningsih; Mirad Fahri; Rahmat Basuki; Gunaryo; Amadea Kenyoning Hapsari Subiakto; Ardine Kusuma Nismarawati; Hanifa Setya Ningrum; Zaydan Al Fajry; Maura Agnes Erwinda; Achmad Kusyairi Afandi

doi:10.55749/ss.v1i2.115

Authors

Fikriyah Hamidah Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Dewi Anggraini Septaningsih Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Mirad Fahri Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Rahmat Basuki Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Gunaryo Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Amadea Kenyoning Hapsari Subiakto Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Ardine Kusuma Nismarawati Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Hanifa Setya Ningrum Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Zaydan Al Fajry Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Maura Agnes Erwinda Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Achmad Kusyairi Afandi Zeni Laboratory, Pusat Zeni AD, Parung, Bogor 16330, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55749/ss.v1i2.115

Keywords:

Biodiesel, Calcium oxide, Catalyst, Chicken eggshell, Magnesium oxide

Abstract

Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy source to replace conventional diesel fuel. This study aims to improve biodiesel production efficiency by utilizing a heterogeneous catalyst derived from chicken eggshell-based calcium oxide (CaO), modified with magnesium oxide (MgO). The catalyst was synthesized via co-precipitation and applied in both transesterification and interesterification reactions using crude palm oil (CPO) as feedstock. The optimum reaction was conducted at 65°C for 180 minutes with a 9:1 methyl acetate/methanol to oil molar ratio and 2.5 wt% catalyst loading. The modified CaO.MgO catalyst outperformed unmodified CaO, yielding 89.63% and 99.96% biodiesel via interesterification and transesterification, respectively. The catalyst characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, and GC-MS, confirming the enhancement in basicity, crystallinity, and FAME content. This study demonstrates the potential of waste-derived catalysts in sustainable biodiesel production while addressing environmental waste issues.

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