Occupational health and safety risk control using the HIRADC approach in the sugar processing industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55749/jnms.v1i1.202Keywords:
HIRADC, Occupational health and safety, Risk control, Sugar processing industry, Workplace hazardsAbstract
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risk control is an essential aspect of industrial workplace management, particularly in sectors with high exposure to mechanical, physical, chemical, ergonomic, biological, and psychosocial hazards. This study aimed to analyze OHS risk control practices in a sugar processing industry using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC) approach. A descriptive qualitative method was applied through workplace observation and risk control analysis at PT X Lampung. The results identified several potential workplace hazards, including rotating machinery, heavy equipment, high noise exposure, dust and airborne particles, hazardous chemicals, high working temperatures, electrical hazards, poor ergonomics, slippery floors, inadequate lighting, biological hazards, radiation exposure, and work-related stress. Risk control measures were implemented through engineering controls, administrative controls, and the use of personal protective equipment. These measures contributed to reducing workplace risks, improving worker safety, supporting health protection, and maintaining operational productivity. However, improvements are still needed in ergonomic training, periodic OHS inspections, safety compliance monitoring, and continuous hazard evaluation. This study highlights that the HIRADC-based OHS risk control approach can serve as an effective framework for creating a safer, healthier, and more productive work environment in the sugar processing industry.
References
1. Bozkurt, C. (2010). Risk, enterprise risk management and internal audit. Audit Journal, 4, 17–30.
2. Akçakanat, Ö. (2012). Enterprise risk management and process of enterprise risk management. Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 4(7), 30–46. Available online at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/vizyoner/article/246093
3. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. (2004). Enterprise Risk Management – Integrated Framework: Executive Summary. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Available online at: https://www.coso.org/Documents/COSO-ERM-Executive-Summary.pdf
4. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. (2017). Enterprise Risk Management – Integrating with Strategy and Performance: Executive Summary. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Available online at: https://www.coso.org/Documents/2017-COSO-ERM-Integrating-with-Strategy-and-Performance-Executive-Summary.pdf
5. Tekin, B. (2014). Occupational safety specialist from 2004 to 2014. Journal of Engineering and Machinery, 655, 20–22.
6. International Organization for Standardization. (2018). ISO 45001:2018 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems — Requirements with Guidance for Use. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization. Available online at: https://www.iso.org/standard/63787.html
7. Republic of Turkey. (2012). Occupational Health and Safety Service Regulation. Republic of Turkey. Available online at: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr
8. da Silva Etges, A. P. B., Grenon, V., de Souza, J. S., Kliemann Neto, F. J., & Felix, E. A. (2018). ERM for health care organizations: An economic enterprise risk management innovation program (E²RM health care). Value in Health Regional Issues, 17, 102–108. Doi: 10.1016/j.vhri.2018.03.008
9. Shad, M. K., Lai, F.-W., Fatt, C. L., Klemeš, J. J., & Bokhari, A. (2019). Integrating sustainability reporting into enterprise risk management and its relationship with business performance: A conceptual framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208, 415–425. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.120
10. International Organization for Standardization. (2018). ISO 31000:2018 Risk Management — Guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization. Available online at: https://www.iso.org/standard/65694.html
11. Republic of Turkey. (2012). Occupational Health and Safety Law No. 6331. Republic of Turkey. Available online at: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6331
12. The Institute of Internal Auditors. (2017). International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (Standards). Lake Mary, FL: The Institute of Internal Auditors. Available online at: https://www.theiia.org/globalassets/site/standards/mandatory-guidance/ippf/2017/ippf-standards-2017-english.pdf
13. Kızılboğa, R. (2013). Roles and responsibilities of internal auditors in the corporate risk management-oriented internal audit system. Turkish Journal of Administration, 476, 185–215.
14. Huo, M. L., Boxall, P., & Cheung, G. W. (2022). Lean production, work intensification and employee wellbeing: Can line-manager support make a difference? Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(1), 198–220. Doi: 10.1177/0143831X19890678
15. Karanikas, N., Popovich, A., Steele, S., Horswill, N., Laddrak, V., & Roberts, T. (2020). Symbiotic types of systems thinking with systematic management in occupational health and safety. Safety Science, 128, 104752. Doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104752
16. Karanikas, N., & Pryor, P. (2021). OHS management systems. In The Core Body of Knowledge for Generalist OHS Professionals (2nd ed., pp. 1–50). Tullamarine, VIC: Australian Institute of Health and Safety. Available online at: https://www.ohsbok.org.au/chapter-12-2-ohs-management-systems/
17. Kortum, E., & Leka, S. (2014). Tackling psychosocial risks and work-related stress in developing countries: The need for a multilevel intervention framework. International Journal of Stress Management, 21(1), 7–26. Doi: 10.1037/a0035033
18. Koskela, L., Tezel, A., & Patel, V. (2019). Theory of quality management: Its origins and history. In C. Pasquire & F. R. Hamzeh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (pp. 1381–1390). Dublin, Ireland: International Group for Lean Construction. Doi: 10.24928/2019/0259
19. Lambert, S. J., Fugiel, P. J., & Henly, J. R. (2014). Schedule Unpredictability Among Early-Career Workers in the US Labor Market: A National Snapshot. Chicago, IL: Employment Instability, Family Well-Being, and Social Policy Network, University of Chicago
20. Lee, B. C., Bendixsen, C., Liebman, A. K., & Gallagher, S. S. (2017). Using the socio-ecological model to frame agricultural safety and health interventions. Journal of Agromedicine, 22(4), 298–303. Doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2017.1356780
21. Leveson, N. G. (2011). Engineering a Safer World: Systems Thinking Applied to Safety. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Available online at: https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262533690/engineering-a-safer-world/
22. Leveson, N. G. (2020). Safety III: A Systems Approach to Safety and Resilience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Engineering Systems Lab. Available online at: http://sunnyday.mit.edu/safety-3.pdf
23. Li, Y., & Guldenmund, F. W. (2018). Safety management systems: A broad overview of the literature. Safety Science, 103, 94–123. Doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2017.11.016
24. Lingard, H., Cooke, T., Blismas, N., & Wakefield, R. (2013). Prevention through design: Trade-offs in reducing occupational health and safety risks for the construction and operation of a facility. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 3(1), 7–23. Doi: 10.1108/BEPAM-06-2012-0036
25. Lingard, H. C., Cooke, T., & Blismas, N. (2012). Designing for construction workers’ occupational health and safety: A case study of socio-material complexity. Construction Management and Economics, 30(5), 367–382. Doi: 10.1080/01446193.2012.667569
26. Liu, K. (2019). Regulating health and safety at the workplace: Prescriptive approach versus goal-oriented approach. Safety Science, 120, 950–961. Doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2019.08.039
27. Liu, R., Liu, H. C., Shi, H., & Gu, X. (2023). Occupational health and safety risk assessment: A systematic literature review of models, methods, and applications. Safety Science, 160, 106050. Doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2022.106050
28. Lo, D. (2012). OHS stewardship: Integration of OHS in corporate governance. Procedia Engineering, 45, 174–179. Doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.139
29. Lund, H. L. (2004). Strategies for sustainable business and the handling of workers’ interests: Integrated management systems and worker participation. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 25(1), 41–74. Doi: 10.1177/0143831X04040100
