Flood inundation-based buffer zone delineation and spatial planning evaluation for urban lake conservation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55749/ijewre.v1i1.173Keywords:
Buffer zone delineation, Flood inundation, GIS, HEC-RAS, Spatial planning evaluatio, Urban lakeAbstract
Urban lakes play a crucial role in flood regulation, water conservation, ecological balance, and urban environmental sustainability. However, rapid urbanization and uncontrolled land-use changes around lake areas have significantly degraded their hydrological and ecological functions. This study aims to delineate the buffer zone of Situ Jatijajar, an urban lake located in Depok City, Indonesia, based on flood inundation characteristics and to evaluate the conformity of the existing spatial planning policy with the delineated conservation area. Hydrological analysis was conducted using rainfall frequency analysis with Log Pearson Type III and Gumbel distributions, followed by flood discharge estimation using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS Nakayasu), Mononobe, PSA 007, and Rational methods. Hydraulic simulations were performed using HEC-RAS 6.2 to determine flood inundation extent and maximum water level for 25- and 50-year return periods. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were then applied to delineate the lake buffer zone based on the highest flood water elevation and to evaluate spatial planning conformity through overlay analysis with the Depok City Spatial Plan (RTRW). The results indicate that the highest flood inundation was generated by the HSS Nakayasu method combined with PSA 007 rainfall distribution using rainfall data from the Jatijajar Station. The simulated 50-year return period flood produced a peak discharge of 4.74 m³/s, maximum inundation elevation of 96.87 m above sea level, and inundation area of 8.19 ha. Based on the flood inundation extent and the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works regulation, the delineated buffer zone covered 19.10 ha. Spatial evaluation revealed that approximately 39.43% of the existing land allocation within the buffer zone was inconsistent with the designated conservation function. Furthermore, the proposed land-use management scenario, emphasizing green open spaces and agroforestry-based conservation, reduced peak discharge by 21.93%, inundation area outside the lake by 12.39%, and flood water elevation by 0.09 m. These findings demonstrate that flood inundation-based buffer delineation integrated with hydrological, hydraulic, and spatial analyses provides an effective framework for urban lake conservation and flood mitigation planning in rapidly urbanizing areas.
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