Integrated sustainable drainage and water conservation strategy for cost-effective pluvial flood mitigation in Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55749/ijewre.v1i1.170Keywords:
Cost analysis, Injection well, Pluvial flood mitigation, Sustainable drainage capacity, Water conservationAbstract
Rapid urbanization, land-use conversion, and reduced infiltration capacity have intensified pluvial flooding in many tropical cities, particularly in developing regions with inadequate drainage infrastructure. This study evaluates an integrated sustainable drainage and water conservation strategy for cost-effective pluvial flood mitigation in the Kampung Baru residential area and Nicolao Lobato Roundabout, Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste. The methodology combines field drainage surveys, Digital Elevation Model processing, watershed delineation using ArcGIS and SWAT, rainfall frequency analysis, runoff estimation, domestic wastewater discharge calculation, population projection until 2030, drainage capacity evaluation, injection well planning, and cost analysis. Design runoff was estimated for return periods of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 25 years, while existing channel capacity was evaluated using Manning’s equation. The results indicate that the existing drainage system is insufficient to convey design discharge, causing recurrent inundation depths of approximately 70–80 cm with recession times of 4–6 hours during heavy rainfall events. Drainage rehabilitation alone was insufficient to fully control inundation; therefore, an integrated mitigation strategy consisting of existing channel enlargement, 18 new drainage channels, and four injection wells was proposed. The injection wells were designed to increase infiltration and support urban water conservation. The estimated implementation cost was USD 1,941,051.69 for drainage rehabilitation and new channel construction, and USD 30,701.43 for injection well development. This study highlights the importance of combining conventional drainage improvement, groundwater recharge infrastructure, and cost analysis to support sustainable and practical pluvial flood mitigation in rapidly urbanizing tropical cities.
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